Going Public In The Stock Market Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3046 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Going public is a term frequently used in the business world. This term can be defined as, the transition of a privately held company to offering its first group of stocks for sale on a common market. (Web definitions). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Going Public In The Stock Market Finance Essay" essay for you Create order It is important for companies to make decisions that would be beneficial to them. By doing so, they can acquire the necessary monies and resources to accomplish success. Business owners should consider a number of factors prior to going into operations. One of the main factors is to decide whether they should remain private or go public. Both start up and established businesses should consider going public. It will be beneficial for an established business go public because this will increase its profitability, sales and revenue. The start-up business can use this opportunity in order to demonstrate its capability to eventually accomplish future success. According to the video viewed on angel, going public, Continental Circuits can be used as an example of a company that went public. However, they faced many difficulties which included competition. Therefore, they needed enhance their successes. This was a company which suffered because of disagreement among management. This paper will aim to outline the criteria and steps required for a company to become a publically traded firm. It will also identify the pros and cons of becoming a public firm. In addition, the major and minor markets around the world will be identified and discussed in detail. Lastly, it will identify the Caribbean companies that can enter the public market and the markets which serve as the best option. There are three main alternatives presented for a company who will wish to sell stocks to the market. This paper will outline all these alternatives and steps involved. The three alternatives are, a rights offering, private offering and public offering. However, this paper will place emphasis on the public offering. An Initial Public Offering could be defined as a corporations first offer to sell stocks (Wordnetweb). Going public would involve a number of steps, however, firstly, a team is selected whenever a company decides to go public. This team will include lawyers and accountants. They would be responsible for advising companies on its Initial Public Offering. Steps required in becoming publicly traded firm The first step involved in going public is to obtain consent from the existing shareholders and who own the privately issued stocks, (Gitman, 2009, p. 38). It is imperative that businesses inform their shareholders of such decisions so as to avoid any future negative end result. The second step involves lawyers and auditors who will be responsible for certifying all documents pertaining to going public and it is important to also have underwriters. They will ensure that all the paper work is legal. The accountants will also have to ensure that all accounting documents are in agreement with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), while on the other hand, the lawyers will need to concentrate of documents relating to litigation and loans. (Gitman, 2009, pg. 338). The third step of this process involves locating an investment bank which will be in agreement to countersign or underwrite the offering. The underwriters are considered as very important in this step because this can influence the accomplishment of the Initial Public Offer. (Gitman, 2009, p. 340). The investment banker will then be responsible for forming an underwriting syndicate who will share financial risk associated with underwriting new securities. (Gitman, 2009, p. 340). In the fourth step of going public the company will file a registration statement with the SEC. A component of the SEC is called the prospectus, which outlines important aspects of the issue, issuer and the management and its financial position. There is a waiting period involved before approval and during this period, the company can receive a preliminary prospectus or red herring (Gitman, 2009, p. 338). Fifthly, once the registration is approved the investment community will then commence analyzing the companys prospects. (Gitman, 2009, p. 338). There will be a quiet period in which the company will have restrictions. This quiet period is to ensure that all potential investors will have access to the equal information. One month after filing, The IPO is usually completed. (Gitman, 2009, p. 338). The sixth step involves the road show, in which the companys stock offering is promoted. This includes a sequence of presentations to potential investors throughout the country which can also be extended to overseas. Another purpose of the road show is to estimate the requirements for the offering and also to set prices. (Gitman, 2009, pg. 339). Lastly, once SEC and the underwriters agree to the offering, a formal endorsement is made and signed. Once decided upon, the underwriter would be given shares that would need to be sold and the company will then receive capital that is acquired from the offering. The pros and cons of becoming a public firm As with everything else, there are advantages and disadvantages of going public. What must be taken into consideration or what must be an onjective to an organisation is to have your pros outweigh your cons. With this, it will give your organisation or firm a stepping stone in becoming a success. Pros Liqiudity: selling stocks from a private company can be challenging. This is due, to stockholders having to look for a different person who will be interested in owning the shares. As a result, this will make the stock more liquid for the public company and not for a private company (Going Public Today, 2009). In addition, having a high degree of liquidity and portfolio diversity can be accomplished (Block Hirt, 2005, p.449). Capital: by going public a firm can increase its monies or capital. However, a firm can increase funds through corporations selling its securities directly to the public (Block Hirt, 2005, p. 449). Mergers: this gives firms the provison to be able to utilize marketable sercurities to conduct mergers (Block Hirt,2005, p. 449). Exit approach: In this approach, both investors and owners of the public firm have the rights to or a choice to sell out at any given time based on the demand of the market due to their stocks having a very fast liquidity approach. Usefulness: Because public firms can possess well in established prices, publicly traded stocks can be useful in estate planning (Block Hirt, 2005, pg. 449). Image/publicity: according to Block Hirt, the high visibility of a public offering may even make the firm a potential recipient of attractive offers for its own securities. However this may not be viewed as an advantage by firms that do not wish to be acquired (Block Hirt, 2005, pg. 449). Free advertisement from the media such as magazines and newpaers will gain this sort of recognition due to them being a public firm. As a result of the free advertisement, revenues and sales will eventually increase (Going public today, 2009). Employee benefits: going public can help compensate and expand their levels of staisfaction, although a firm may not be competent in payig large salaries. However, being able to go public gives the firm the opportunity to make full use its potential in order to pull and keep employess by reccomending or offering stocks to these employees. In addtion, this offer seems to be more valuable and may even include different forms of benefit plans. It is important for a firm to understand that in order to be successful it must be able to have a well qualified staff. This is advantagesous because the company must make sure that they can attract and retain their personnel that is needed to maintain the companys integrity and increase profitablility postion (Zimmerer Scarborough, 2005, pg. 394) Cons Cost: The cost of going public is high (Block Hirt, 2005, pg. 449). Even though a deal made by the firm does not go through the firm can still loose the money that was already spent on down payment. In addtion to this, there are other cost associated such as: legal and accounting fees; travel fees; printing cost and sponsor allowances and filing fees, just to name a few. Difficulity: Becoming a public firm is hard work. It can be time consuming and expensive because cpmpanies must make all information available to the public through SEC and state filings (Block Hirt, 2005, pg. 449). Pressure: A lot of pressure is being placed on firms for short term performance by security analyst and large intitutional investors (Block Hirt, 2005, pg. 449). Liability exposure: By going public, directors and executives of the firm are now exposing themsleves to liability. Once a document has been done wrongly by an employee in the firm, they will be vulnerable to the civil society (Going public today, 2009). Loss of independence: No longer will the firm be operated by its owner. Because investors have the right to vote on whatever may be an issue to the company, they have the right to make decisions that the company may face. Unfortuneltly, a loss of independence resulted in an increase in takeover. Major markets around the world The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE): On an average day, there about $45 billion trades on this exchange and 1.6 billion shares exchange hands. There are currently about 8500 companies listed on the exchange which are worth nearly $17 trillion. (www.money-zine.com). It is considered the worlds leading and most liquid equities exchange group. NYSE Euronext powers the exchanging world and is comprised of equities and derivatives exchanges across the United States and Europe which trade cash equities, futures, options, fixed-income and exchange-traded products. It is home to the worlds leading companies providing access to the global liquidity they need to collaborate, compete and grow. (Stock Exchange, 2009). NASDAQ This stock exchange is recognized as the most technologically savvy stock exchange in the world. Companies such as Microsoft trade on the NASDAQ. (Stock Exchange, 2009). The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. is the worlds largest exchange company. It delivers trading, exchange technology and public company services across six continents, with more than 3,600 listed companies. It offers multiple capital raising solutions to companies around the globe and its technology supports the operations of over 70 exchanges, clearing organizations and central securities depositories in more than 50 countries. (Stock Exchange, 2009) (https://www.nasdaqomx.com/whoweare/quickfacts/) American Stock Exchange (AMEX) This is considered as the third largest stock exchange in the works. On average day, about 50 million shares are exchanged and about 1700 companies are listed. London Stock Exchange (LSE) Although it is much smaller that the American stock markets, this market list about 3300 companies from 60 countries some of which are US companies. One of such companies is General Electric. Toronto Stock Exchange (TSE) Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) Other world markets include: North South America: Dow Jones Industrial Average United States SP 500 Index United States Brazil Bovespa Stock Index Brazil Canada SP/TSX 60 Canada Santiago Index IPSA Chile IPC Mexico Europe: FTSE 100 England Euronext 100 Europe CAC 40 France DAX Germany Swiss Market Index Switzerland Asia: Australia ASX All Ordinaries Australia Shanghai SE Composite Index China Hang Seng Hong Kong Mumbai Sensex India Nikkei 225 Japan Taiwan TSEC 50 Index Taiwan Caribbean companies entering public markets: Caribbean companies which are sometime referred to as small firms, have never been exempted from the public markets, they now have the opportunity to enter these markets in order for them to create international markets for their stocks and find opportunities for international investment, growth, advertising, increase in capital, and expansion of their customer base. How can these companies enter the public markets In the Caribbean, the companies that desire to enter the public market can do so with the aid of the Eastern Caribbean Securities Exchange. The Eastern Caribbean Securities Exchange commonly called ECSE is a regional securities market which is designed to facilitate the buying and selling of financial products, including corporate stocks and bonds and government securities. (ECSE vol. 2, n.d). The ECSE consists of the territories of Anguilla, Antigua Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, St. Kitts Nevis, St. Lucia and St. Vincent the Grenadines. These countries all have companies trading on the public markets. For example Grenada, there companies such as the Grenada Breweries Limited, Grenada Electricity Services and Jonas Browne Hubbards (Gda) Limited. These companies trade their stocks on the international scene. There are guidelines and requirements that companies must follow when entering public markets. They must be listed on the ESCE and meet the required registration requirements. Some of these requirements include, fees and dues and legal requirements. Companies must ensure that their products or services can meet auditing requirements, high level of competitiveness and continuous growth. It is imperative that they seek advice from a stock exchange intermediary being a broker or dealer, who will be able to assist them in meeting the requirements of the ECSE. The ECSE is connected to the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank. Their main focus is on trading of corporate stocks, government securities and bonds and other financial products. It is a very crucial period for any company when entering the public markets. Key focus must be made on involving all persons in the company mainly its shareholders, as they will be the ones who will become the key decision makers. Competency and consistency must be apparent, and must exhibit a high level of transparency and accountability as investors would need to know exactly what is taking place. Some of the listing requirements are subjected to: o Decision making in interest of all shareholders o Meeting all registration requirements (these are set by the ECSRC) o Disclosure and distribution of companys financial structure, performance and activities Another avenue for companies to enter the public market is the IPO Initial Public Offering, this is only applicable to private companies wishing to go public. IPO by a private company is the first sale of stock by the company to the public. Although issued by smaller, younger companies in their quest for expansion of capital, it is issued also by large privately owned companies seeking to be publicly traded. (Investopedia, n.d) (www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ipo.asp). This can be a very risky investment as it will be difficult to predict what the stock will do on its initial day of trading and in the near future. This inadequacy is backed by the fact that there is little historical data with whiaich to analyze the company. On the other hand, IPO creates market value on any companys stock, and while offering shares for sale to the public it is also raising capital. Once these companies go public by IPO, they will be required to service their investors and the Securities Exchange Commission. An example of one such company going public is SGL Holdings Inc. This company traded on the international market but they were found to be in violation of the Grenada Securities Act. No. 23 of 2001 where the act prohibits persons from carrying on businesses as a custodian or manger of a collective investment scheme unless licensed to do so by the ECSRC! SGL Holdings Inc was not a licensed entity under the Securities Act and they eventually suffered the fate with the receipt of a cease and desist order. (ECSRC, n.d). Caribbean companies that can enter public markets and markets that serve as best options Based on the aforementioned information, we opted to select Sagicor Group Insurance Company. This company is known to be one of the worlds oldest and most experienced insurance companies. With its history dating as far back as 1840, the company has proven to be indigenous with respect to the redefining of financial services in the Caribbean. With operations in 22 countries and a variety of products for every life stage, the Company has expanded into the international financial services marked and evolved into a world-class brand. (Sagicor Financial Corporation, 2010). Based on the aforementioned information with respect to the world markets such as NASDAQ, LSE, NYSE; Caribbean companies such as Sagicor can trade on these public markets. Research has shown that Sagicors revenue has increased from $773m in 2007 to $1,205m in 2005; assets increased from $3,650m in 2007 to $4,460m in 2009. (Sagicor Financial Corporation, 2010). Based on the aforementioned information with respect to the world markets such as NASDAQ, LSE, NYSE; Caribbean companies such as Sagicor can trade on these public markets. Research has shown that Sagicors revenue has increased from $773m in 2007 to $1,205m in 2005; assets increased from $3,650m in 2007 to $4,460m in 2009. (Sagicor Financial Corporation, 2010). In Grenada, the Grenada Electricity Services Limited (GRENLEC) has also become a publicly traded company, but the question can be asked. Could GRENLEC enter these international markets? Grenada Electricity Company is the sole provider of electricity in Grenada. The company is responsible for serving more than 40,000 residential, commercial and industrial customers and has been providing integrated services of generation, transmission and distribution of electricity since the 1960s. With the majority of its shares sold to an investor, GRENLEC has seen growth since then. Its customer base has increased from 550 in 1960 to an excess of 40,000 in 2003. The Company is now listed of the ECSE since 2008. This listing has provided shareholders to trade and establish value for their investment. Investors also can purchase shares in the Company. (Author unknown, n.d). Conclusion After carefully considering both markets, Sagicor and GRENLEC, we concluded that not all Caribbean companies wishing to go public can trade in the international public markets. For small firms, we recommend that the ECSE is the most suitable public market for these companies as it will provide the basis for development and training for these companies who endeavour to go public in the future. Going Public can enhance the performanceof a business which in turn will mean more capital for the company. We have outlined some companies which have decided to go public both locally and internationally. However, companies need to pay careful attention to the steps and requirements which they need to follow in order to public, so as to avoid any legal implications. It is important that shareholders be a part of the decision to go public. Once a firm gets to sell bonds and stocks on a local, regional and international level this can result in profits for the company.

Assignment On The Healthcare Setting - 1216 Words

Student 8 digit UK Id Number: 10763788 Student Name: Dakota Heise Shadowing Preceptor: James Patterson Date of Shadowing Experience: 2/18/17 Interprofessional Shadowing Experience Learning Objectives 1. Appraise the healthcare setting in terms of the services provided, the types of clients/patients served, and the most frequent healthcare issues encountered in that setting (20 points). I think that integrative mind body medicine, as practiced by Dr. Patterson, is an overlooked and undervalued healthcare field that I believe many people probably do not even know exists as an option. Integrative mind body medicine focuses on how you can utilize your own physical, emotional, and mental capabilities to help you deal with stress,†¦show more content†¦The only healthcare professional at the Mind Body Studio that I observed was Dr. Patterson. He has an undergraduate degree in psychology, is a medical doctor (previously a primary care physician), and has a master’s degree in public health. He is certified by the American Board of Family Practice, the American Board of Integrative Holistic Medicine, and the Center for Mind Body Medicine, as well as trained in yoga instruction and mindfulness teaching. Dr. Patterson has all the capabilities and scope of practice of a physician that you could go visit in a family practice clinic, but instead of focusing on tra ditional, conventional healthcare – he focuses on alternative medicine in the form of mind body medicine. Dr. Patterson has a relaxing studio where he has 2 hour sessions and day long sessions where he can truly build a relationship with and learn about his patients. Dr. Patterson described his role in his classes as an equal to the participants of the class. He did not assume a typical doctor-patient dynamic/relationship, but rather an environment of respect and mutual learning between two (or more) mindful individuals. He personally leads all his sessions/classes, but there are many opportunities for the participants to act independently and take the reins. Dr. Patterson is the leader, but he makes it very clear that without communication between participants and himself, the experience will not be as rewarding, relaxing, or enlightening. 3.Show MoreRelatedReflection Journal : Managing Service Delivery1192 Words   |  5 Pagespresentation topic of my group was Te Pae Mohutonga which is a Mauri healthcare model. We presented it by explaining the history behind this model and threw light on how this model influenced the life styles of Mauri’s in a positive way. My part was to explain how we can meet the challenges of improving Mauri people health and I mainly focussed on utilizing Leadership and Autonomy principles of this model for bringing a change in healthcare system and improving it. 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Additionally, not everyone will want to follow or adhere to this type of leadership style (Advise America, 2013). My own weaknesses are, that if I do not see the results that I want, I will take on most of the work tasks myself, rather than reassess my direction for the team or individual task assignment. At times, it is hard for me to let go of authority to let others lead. Although, finishingRead MoreRole And Responsibilities As A Dnp Practice Scholar1704 Words   |  7 Pagesevidence when assisting them in making decisions about treatment options. Melnyk, B. M. (2013). According to the national leaders in major healthcare fields, mentioned a gap between research and practice and the importance to apply research findings and engage in evidence-based practice. In order to translate this knowledge, the clinician must understand the healthcare delivery in order to help narrow the research-to-practice gap and transform health care. DNP-prepared nurses are trained to reduce theRead MoreTelemetry 1011124 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopmental characteristics of the family as a unit across the lifesp an. †¢ Examine health patterns and practices transmitted across generations. Rubric NOTE: All assignments must be submitted on time. Assignments submitted after the deadline will be accepted with a penalty of 10% of the total possible points for EACH DAY that the assignment is late. |Movie Family Assessment |Target |Acceptable |Unacceptable | Read MoreCommunity Outreach1244 Words   |  5 PagesCommunity Outreach Purpose The purpose of this assignment is to provide an opportunity to develop a community health nursing flyer that will be utilized for community outreach. It is the basis for your proposed intervention in the final assignment. Course Outcomes This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes: 4. Evaluate effective communication with client populations and healthcare providers in managing the healthcare of individuals, families, aggregates, and communitiesRead MoreReflection1218 Words   |  5 Pagesmy own understanding in realising the good and bad made previously. Moving forward with a better understanding, as well as rectifying the mistake whilst recognizing the good points, (Horton-Deutsch and Sherwood, 2008). Working in a domiciliary setting and visiting vulnerable adults within their homes, I am constantly trying to provide a better service and care towards them and this is where reflection is crucial as this improves the quality of my job performance, providing me with a learning curve

Star river Electronics case free essay sample

Star River Electronics, a Singapore based company, is a large manufacturer and supplier of CD-ROMS. It was founded as a joint venture between New Era Partners and Star Light Electronics Ltd. In the past decade, Star River has been very successful due its excellent reputation for producing high quality discs. In 1999, CD ROM disc drives comprised ninety three percent off all optical disc shipments. This created a high demand and allowed for manufacturing companies of all sizes to enter the market. Due to the oversupply of product, CD-ROM prices were pushed down by as much as 40%. Corporate consolidations followed suit but Star Rivers managed to survive the industry shakeout. In 2001, Adeline Koh is appointed to fill the position of CEO after the former CEO’s unexpected resignation. In order to ensure the continuation and financial stability of Star River, she immediately takes initiative and meets with her assistant, Andy Chin, to discuss the company’s most significant issues. We will write a custom essay sample on Star river Electronics case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Digital Video Discs or DVDs are expected to cut into the CD ROM market very soon. It is predicted that by 2005, DVDs would comprise 59% of the total optical disc-drive shipments while CD-ROMs would account for the remaining 41%. Star River’s digital video discs currently make up only five percent of their sales. It is significant that Star River build upon their growth and capabilities in this segment. One way to do so is to increase capital expenditures and invest in DVD manufacturing equipment. In addition, Adeline Koh received a proposal for new packaging equipment that has the potential to cut down on labor and overhead costs significantly. A decision must be made whether to purchase the equipment immediately or wait three years when it will be imperative to purchase in order to handle the projected growth rates.

Steve Jobs A Charismatic Leader

Introduction Before his premature death after a long and brave fight with cancer, Steve Jobs had become a force to reckon in the IT field. Steve Jobs had an equal number of friends as enemies within the company, which depended on their relationship.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Steve Jobs: A Charismatic Leader specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As the Apple’s co-founder, Steve was a celebrity, who commanded respect from his colleagues and many people across the world. His colleagues focused on every word that Jobs uttered during his speeches. They believed that his words had a hidden meaning. Hence, his constituents could go through his letters trying to decipher the hidden message. As a boss, Steve Jobs was forceful, tough, decisive, and astoundingly inspirational. As a businessperson, he was cunning and cold. His tactics were hardhearted and his business ideas were unsullied. In all areas, Jobs did not falter to speak out his views whenever he felt that things were not going as planned. Steve Jobs was a vibrant and alluring leader. His charisma saw him make significant improvement in Apple Company. Steve Jobs, obsessed with desire for perfection ended up losing his job in Apple. His goals crashed with those of the organization prompting the board members to withdraw all his responsibilities. His dismissal acted as an opportunity for him to revolutionalize the computer industry. During the period that he was out of Apple, Steve used his knowledge and charisma to draw a team of staff close to him, which helped him to enhance his knowledge in the production of animations. Moreover, he learnt the science of producing operating systems. His return to Apple is considered as a wonderful move that rescued a company that was in the blink of collapsing.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With his charisma, Jobs managed to earn the trust of people who had initially seen him as arrogant and bossy and through their help; he revived Apple and made it significant in the computer world once more. Leadership style Steve was a strong and alluring director. According to Boje, a charismatic leader is one that draws all his or her subjects towards him through dint of charm and personality (433-445). In most cases, charismatic leaders are born with the charisma. They take time to study their surrounding and are able to identify the mood of their audience, therefore using their skills to suit the circumstances. Moreover, charismatic leaders have a great deal of poise, commanding vision, hard to convince to change their mind, and a dominant, even a pushy character. These features help them overcome all sorts of crisis that come their way. Nevertheless, the traits could at times make such leaders dangerous, especially if they happen to pursue the wrong vision (Boje 450-461). As a charismatic leader, Jobs was remarkably inspirational, liked using anecdotes to motivate, and his desire for perfection was moving (Bryman 289-291). Depending on actions that insist on the instructional style, Steve did not rush to share his thoughts about the course he felt the project ought to take. Besides, he was always ready to influence his juniors to adopt his opinions regarding problem-solving techniques. The charismatic personality of Steve Jobs helped Apple Company overcome numerous crisis, made significant and productive changes, and even led to employees agreeing to work for 90 hours per week with limited resistant. Through his leadership, the company could now meet deadlines, a phenomenon that was once considered as impossible in the company. His charisma, dominating influence, and conviction also led to Jobs losing his job in Apple Company when he blatantly opposed the move by the board members to change the course of the company (Bryman 296).Adver tising We will write a custom research paper sample on Steve Jobs: A Charismatic Leader specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to (Appleyard 16), Jobs had the salesperson’s passion for the product and great determination to make sure that his company is successful. With such determination, there was the potential of Apple Company becoming a success as well as many people turning into Jobs’ foes. As a normal charismatic leader, Steve Jobs had numerous hurdles to surmount during his young age. First, he was an adopted child. Consequently, he had the problem of trying to understand his identity. His desire to establish his personal identity was intertwined with his dedication to Eastern beliefs and the pursuit for truth. Awamleh and Gardner assert that a close acquaintance of Steve Jobs during the 1970s, once said, â€Å"Steve Jobs felt some kind of unresolved pain over being adopted†¦he hired a private inves tigator to try to track down his mother†¦he was obsessed with it for a while† (345). Another instance of Steve Jobs’ charisma at vocation was his chronological propensity to use anecdotes to motivate and inspire his employees. Stories are powerful instruments for leaders working in technological institutions. They promote creativity among the employees as they make their mind see the bigger picture of the company. Besides, anecdotes help the leaders build a culture and promote organizational goals, mission, and vision. By using stories, Jobs made his employees develop the feeling that their contribution to the company was helping it stand out internationally. Steve asserted that his intension was to establish a gap in the world through Apple Company (Burrows and Grover 18). This mission guided all his operations and he worked hard to inculcate the same mission in the minds of all his employees. The assignment gave workers a sense of purpose, which promoted to their loyalty to the organizational goals. Steve’s leadership in Apple Steve Jobs, together with Steve Wozniak established Apple Company in 1979. They built Apple I as their first computer, which they offered in the market at $666.66. The computer was received well in the market leading to the company selling over 600 computers.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In 1977, the company came up with Apple II. The computer had the capacity to run business programs. Consequently, many people purchased the computer, making it the first personal computer to receive a massive market reception (Burrows and Grover 18). Steve’s approach to leadership in Apple Company was influential. He did not assume an official position as the chief executive officer. Instead, he acted as one of the board members. Scott Markkula was given the role of the president of Apple Computer, Inc. while Steve Jobs became the chairperson of the board members. Later, John Sculley became the company’s chief executive officer, but Steve Jobs retained the leadership position of the company. Steve’s superior personality and charisma pulled employees closer to him. With time, his goals contradicted with those of the Apple Computer Inc. leading to a power struggle between him and Sculley (Burrows and Grover 18). Jobs’ relations within and without the compan y Steve Jobs had a unique way of associating with his employees. He could be awfully kind, encouraging, and gratifying. At one fell swoop, he could also be downhearted, malicious, difficult, and demanding. His relationship with other corporations, suppliers, and consumers was equally impulsive. It was hard to know what to expect from Steve Jobs no matter how long one had worked with him (Conger, Kanungo, and Menon 747). He had an astonishing capacity to marshal people behind him and engage him in activities geared towards his personal and organizational interests. For instance, he was capable of addressing all problems relating to sales and supplies. At one time, demand for the Apple II computers went high exerting pressure on the manufacture of cases, especially when there was machine failure. The company could not continue supplying the computers efficiently and this affected its cash flow. Describing the incidence Conger, Kanungo, and Menon said, â€Å"The suppliers went on ramp age demanding their payment while Apple Computer Inc. was working hard to manage 60-day credit purchases with the amount it collected from its sales to consumers on a 30-day basis† (749). Steve rescued the situation by promising a bonus to manufacturers who met their production target ahead of the set timeframe. According to Conger, Kanungo and Menon, â€Å"†¦manufacturers were to get $1,000 for weekly delivered cases ahead of schedule† (750). The move motivated the manufactures prompting them to repair their machines. Within a short period, they started supplying the company with enough cases that helped it meet the demand in the market. The cash flow in the company regained its initial position (Conger, Kanungo, and Menon 749-759). Steve managed to rescue a company that was almost closing its doors due to bankruptcy. Another example of Steve’s charismatic leadership during the same financial crisis depicts his dark side and his dedication to addressing the employees’ needs. There was a problem in the routine back up, which led to a programmer losing six weeks of work. Call Company was given the mandate of carrying out the routine back up. After the incidence, the company’s head declined to offer the back-up services to Apple because Jobs and Wozniak mistreated him during the incident. Moreover, Apple Computer Inc. was not paying for the backup services during the financial crisis (Conger, Kanungo, and Menon 766). Steve Jobs assured Kamradt (the Call Company’s head) that he would pay all his dues if he agreed to give Apple the back-up tape. Kamradt agreed to cooperate and give Apple the tape to recover its lost work. He later visited Jobs in his office to collect his pay. On getting to Jobs’ office, Kamradt got shocked when Steve told him that he would not pay him because his computers had deleted weeks of work. He had no choice but to leave the office frustrated and that marked the end of his relationship with Apple Computer Inc. The negative side of Jobs’ Charisma The zeal and fervor that overwhelmed Steve about the Apple Company, which swayed his employees to trust in his abilities, and that, endowed him with influential and informal leadership, as a board member in the company is also the same zeal and fervor that ultimately made him lose his job in the company (Conger â€Å"Inspiring others† 31-37). The company was starting to perform poorly. Its sales volume was down with the estimated sales of Macintosh being at 10 percent. Steve blamed Sculley for the poor performance. He insisted that for the company to improve its performance, Sculley had to relinquish his presidency and give him the responsibility. Jobs’ charisma had earned him a lot of support and trust from a majority of the company’s employees. Hence, he was ready to do everything to ensure that he ousted Sculley. He went to the extent of organizing for a coup in the company. The companyâ€⠄¢s management board discovered the coup before it actually took place and withdrawn all the responsibilities given to Steve. He was to act as the chairperson of the company’s board members. Subsequent change After leaving the company, Steve moved to Europe where he began to popularize the Apple II computer. Eventually, he managed to buy a tent and a bicycle to aid his movement across the country. The transformation gave him an opportunity to reconsider his approach of seeing and interpreting things. His attitude towards the public changed significantly. He stopped focusing on personal interests and worked towards helping the company grow. At one point, he agreed that it comes a time when one focuses on his or her inner values. Perhaps that is what he was doing during his work in Europe and later in Russia (Conger â€Å"Inspiring others† 41-44). Later, Steve Jobs went back to Cupertino, and through his charisma, he managed to acquire a market from the universities in t he region. He instantly embarked on the establishment of a new company, NeXT, to facilitate in development of computers that could satisfy the budget and performance requirements. He used his charisma to lure some of his former colleagues in Apple Computer Inc. to join him and form the company. He relinquished his responsibility as the Chairman of Apple (Conger â€Å"Inspiring others† 45). He had already discovered his potential and enjoyed working with a small number of staff that was ready to develop superior products that could revolutionalize the world. Leadership hitches in NeXT Steve was fervent about his job. He held the belief that things ought to go his way. He was not ready to partake in any project that did not meet his interests. This was evident in how he managed the negotiations between his company and International Business Machine (IBM) Company. Soon after establishing the company and inventing a novel operating system, which was simple to understand and apply , he intimated to IBM’s CEO, how dominant and valuable operating system would be (Conger â€Å"Max Weber’s Conceptualization† 277-283). IBM was attracted by the advantage that Steve and his company brought to it and assembles some representatives to facilitate in negotiations. The representatives presented to Steve a 100-page contract, which he declined and compiled his six-page contract, which he ensured that it addressed all his interests. During the negotiations process, NeXT Company incurred huge loss. By then, IBM was relying on Microsoft for its operating systems. Steve saw this as an opportunity to lure IBM to enter into a business agreement with NeXT (Conger â€Å"Max Weber’s Conceptualization† 286). Leadership alterations with Pixar Whilst working on NeXT, Steve managed to convince George Lucas to sell his hardware and software studio. This demonstrated his charismatic leadership. He used his tolerance, concession ability, and instinct to obtain the studio. It highlighted the influence of his charismatic leadership and the transformations he was about to make upon his return to Apple. His ability to stay put and to convince people that he is pursuing the right goals always earned him trust (Conger â€Å"Max Weber’s Conceptualization† 288). He knew when to apply his skills as well as who to target. When Steve presented his proposal to George for the first time, George agreed to sell the studio under the condition that Steve would part with $30 million. However, Jobs learnt that George was in a business contract with Ross Pert. Based on the nature of their business contract, Steve knew that the contract would not last for long. He decided to wait until the two fall out to approach George with his proposal. Later, George accepted to sell the studio at $10 million. He named the studio Pixar, which later took control of the digital animation industry (Sharma and Grant 13). Reappointment in Apple Company NeXT was still struggling in the wake of Steve’s capricious leadership. Despite his charisma, Steve was still not able to make viable business decisions. The greatest achievement he had made in the company was to come up with an operating system. The company was no longer making further innovations. It had nothing unique to show to the investors. In 1996, Apple felt that it required a novel operating system to make its computers competitive (Sharma and Grant 14-18). The company started negotiations with Sun Microsystems. In addition, Microsoft Company through Bill Gates offered to work with Apple in the development of a new operating system. Meanwhile, one of the Apple’s board members was working on an operating system in his company, Be, Inc. Without Jobs’ knowledge, some engineers in NeXT Company learnt about the intentions of the Apple Computer, Inc and contacted the company to see if it could buy their operating system. Through his charisma, Steve managed to win the trust of the Apple’s board members. They entered into a contract where NeXT supplied Apple with not only its operating system but also with staff. Eventually, Apple bought NeXT and gave Steve the role of a special adviser. Later, Steve Jobs became the acting chief executive officer of Apple. For Steve, charisma is not something he decided to apply in his leadership (Harvey 253-257). Normally, a leader ought to earn his or her leadership, and in charismatic leadership, just like other forms of leadership, a leader has to involve and consult with his or her support staff. The workforce has to relate a leader with charismatic behaviors before he or she can allege to have the traits. For people who attended an Apple Developer Conference, they could claim that Jobs possessed charismatic qualities. Jobs applied impression management to establish a strong relationship with his colleagues advertently (Harvey 258-261). Whenever he was in a meeting, he tried as much as possible to ensure that he impresses his audience. Besides, he had the power to influence the media to report what he wanted. These influences helped Steve to cover his dark side leading to the majority of employees trusting in all that he claimed to support (Sharma and Grant 21). Jobs’ leadership style in Apple had always been a nightmare to the majority of staff members as well as to the media. Harvey posits, â€Å"Jobs’ ‘reality distortion field’ has always been a double-edged sword†¦Stories in Silicon Valley about Jobs’ narcissism, temper, epic tantrums, and bad behavior are as legendary as his feats† (263). For instance, Deutschman documents a dramatic episode in which Jobs openly reprimanded a software programmer for not providing him with quality software. Yet, majority of the employees that had worked with Steve perceived him in a more empathetic manner. Most of them felt that those opposed to Jobs’ policy misunderstand him. Jobs alw ays sought to ensure that him, together with other employees give the best to the clients. However, his obsession for perfection made people misunderstand him and view him as bossy and arrogant. Steve’s ability to forge and uphold a strong charismatic image with his employees, despite his character, was mainly because of efficient ‘stage management’. Stories about his negative side would never be released to the public. Jobs used his charisma to make his employees believe that confidential matters like spontaneous products and business activities ought not to be made public. In 2007, he used his influence to silence a website (ThinkSecret) that used to expose all the information regarding the company’s new products (Roche and Sadowsky 1-5). For years, Steve Jobs used the company’s special events and conferences as platforms to correspond with the clients. For instance, Jobs enjoyed the privilege of opening every Macworld conference by addressing the participants. This gave him an opportunity to use his charisma to lure people to buy to his policies. Besides the Macworld, Jobs always had an opportunity to meet his employees and board members during the company’s Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) (Sharma and Grant 25-26). During the conference, he got an opportunity to display his latest innovations in terms of technology and software. This gave him an upper hand in his effort to sway the board members and other employees to his side. Conclusion One of the factors that made Steve Jobs a great business leader was that he was always guided by a particular objective in his life. He once alleged that his enthusiasm emanated from love, confidence, and loss and that he always factored in the three elements in all the decisions he made. At the beginning, Steve applied his charisma and passion for perfection to influence employees and earn their respect. The two qualities helped him achieve a lot in the company though they l ater also saw him lose everything in a company he had worked tireless to see it grow. Steve had a unique way of relating with staff as well as the suppliers. At one point, he could be very kind and motivating and all of a sudden turn and become thankless and demanding. This impulsive way of management gave him an opening to win the confidence of all the stakeholders since they barely knew what to anticipate from him. The zeal and fervor that saw Jobs try to make Apple a perfect company later led to his dismissal from the company. Steve started blaming Sculley for the poor performance in the company. He went to the extent of claiming that the company could only perform if they allowed him to assume the company’s presidency. These utterances and the subsequent plan to stage a coup in the company led to the board members taking away his powers in the company. He was given the role of a chairperson of the board members. Steve did not receive this development kindly prompting him to leave the company and move to Europe where he embarked on promoting Apple II computers. The period he worked in Europe earned him a lot of experience and helped him change his leadership style as well as the dimension of interpreting issues. As a leader in NeXT and Pixar, Steve Jobs learnt to accommodate the other people’s opinions. He no longer insisted on doing things his way. The experience he acquired in the animation industry and in the manufacture of the operating system gave him an opportunity to return to Apple and eventually become its leader. Works Cited Appleyard, Bryan. â€Å"Steve Jobs: The man who polished Apple. The Sunday Times 16 Aug. 2009: 16. Print. Awamleh, Robert, and William Gardner. â€Å"Perceptions of Leader Charisma and Effectiveness: The Effects of Vision Content, Delivery, and Organizational Performance.† Leadership Quarterly 10.3 (1999): 345-373. Print. Boje, David. â€Å"Organizational storytelling: struggles of pre-modern, modern and postmodern organizational learning discourses.† Management Learning 25.1 (1994): 433-461. Print. Bryman, Alan. â€Å"Charismatic Leadership in Business Organizations: Some Neglected Issues.† Leadership Quarterly 4.1 (2003): 289-304. Print. Burrows, Peter, and Ronald Grover. â€Å"Steve Jobs’ Magic Kingdom.† BusinessWeek 27 Aug. 2006: 18. Print. Conger, Jay, Richard Kanungo, and Sanjay Menon. â€Å"Charismatic leadership and follower effects.† Journal of Organizational Behavior 21.7 (2000): 747-767. Print. Conger, Jay. â€Å"Inspiring others: The language of leadership.† Academy of Management Executive 5.1 (2000): 31-45. Print. Conger, Jay. â€Å"Max Weber’s Conceptualization of Charismatic Authority: Its Influence on Organizational Research.† Leadership Quarterly 4.1 (1999): 277-288. Print. Harvey, Arlene. â€Å"A dramaturgical analysis of charismatic leader discourse.† Journal of Organizational Change Management 14.3 (2 001): 253 – 265. Print. Roche, Loà ¯ck, and John Sadowsky. â€Å"Stories and Storytelling: An example of Best Practice of Leadership in a High-tech Environment.† Association of MBAs 1.3 (2004): 1-5. Print. Sharma, Abz, and David Grant. â€Å"Narrative, drama and charismatic leadership: the case of Apple’s Steve Jobs.† Leadership 7.1 (2011): 13-26. Print. This research paper on Steve Jobs: A Charismatic Leader was written and submitted by user Irvin Hart to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Removal of Contaminants from Natural Gas essays

Removal of Contaminants from Natural Gas essays Natural gas is one of the most popular forms of energy today. It is a colorless, odorless fossil fuel that is environmentally friendly relative to other fuel sources. Methane is the major component of natural gas, which is used in heating, cooling, production of electricity, and many other uses such as the reforming process to manufacture fertilizer. Natural gas is found by drilling into the earth's crust where pockets were trapped thousands of years ago. Once the gas is brought to the surface, it must be processed to remove impurities such as liquids (water, heavier hydrocarbons), sand, other gasses like carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, butane, propane, ethane, etc. The removal of these impurities occurs in what is known as the Gas Processing Industry using various techniques to produce what we know as Natural Gas. The final product is transported throughout the country using large pipelines to large industry, small businesses, and residential customers. Initial Stages – Physical Separation The natural gas processing industry begins with the separation of the bulk liquids from the gas streams. While the devices that perform these tasks can get complicated they all work on basic principles. Generally, the industry refers to these devices as either "separators or scrubbers" and they are simply large vessels that are designed to slow the fluid velocity and allow gravity to cause liquid droplets to fall. In addition these vessels provide enough space to allow the gas to separate from the liquid and a means for the gas stream and liquid streams to exit separately. Often they are built to separate three phases, two liquid (water & hydrocarbons) and gas by using a boot on the bottom or and intermediate exit point created using a pipe extension or side exit point. At the gas outlet, most of these devices use a mist eliminator to remove small fine droplets. Most mist eliminators look similar to a block of steel wool and provide a s...

Februarius

Februarius When Romes founder established the calendarHe determined thered be ten months in every year.You knew more about swords than stars, Romulus, surely,Since conquering neighbours was your chief concern.Yet theres a logic that might have possessed him,Caesar, and that might well justify his error.He held that the time it takes for a mothers wombTo produce a child, was sufficient for his year.Ovid Fasti Book 1, A. S. Kline translation The early Roman calendar had only 10 months, with December (Latin decem10) the last month of the year and March the first. The month we call July, the fifth month, was number-named Quintilis (Latin quin-5) until it was renamed Julius or Iulius for Julius Caesar. In The Pre-Caesarian Calendar: Facts and Reasonable Guesses, The Classical Journal, Vol. 40, No. 2 (Nov. 1944), pp. 65-76, 20th-century Classical scholar H.J. Rose explains the 10-month calendar: The earliest Romans of whom we have any knowledge did as many other peoples have done. They counted the moons during the interesting part of the year, when farmwork and fighting were going on, and then waited till the dull times of winter were over and the spring was fairly set in (as it is by March in those latitudes of Europe) to begin counting again. Februarius (February) was not part of the original (pre-Julian, Romulean) calendar, but was added (with a variable number of days), as the month preceding the beginning of the year. Sometimes there was an additional intercalary month. [See Intercalation. Also see: The Origin of the Pre-Julian Calendar, by Joseph Dwight; The Classical Journal, Vol. 41, No. 6 (Mar. 1946), pp. 273-275.] Februarius was a month for purification, as the Lupercalia festival suggests. Originally, Februarius may have had 23 days. In time, the calendar was standardized so that all 12 months had 29 or 31 days, except for Februarius which had 28. Later, Julius Caesar re-standardized the calendar to line up with the seasons. See Julian Calendar Reform. Source [URL web.archive.org/web/20071011150909/12x30.net/earlyrom.html] Bill Hollons Roman Calendar Page. Plutarch on the Calendar Here is a passage Plutarchs life of Numa Pompilius on the Roman calendar. Sections about the Roman month Februarius (February) are highlighted. He attempted, also, the formation of a calendar, not with absolute exactness, yet not without some scientific knowledge. During the reign of Romulus, they had let their months run on without any certain or equal term; some of them contained twenty days, others thirty-five, others more; they had no sort of knowledge of the inequality in the motions of the sun and moon; they only kept to the one rule that the whole course of the year contained three hundred and sixty days. Numa, calculating the difference between the lunar and the solar year at eleven days, for that the moon completed her anniversary course in three hundred and fifty-four days, and the sun in three hundred and sixty- five, to remedy this incongruity doubled the eleven days, and every other year added an intercalary month, to follow February, consisting of twenty-two days, and called by the Romans the month Mercedinus. This amendment, however, itself, in course of time, came to need other amendments. He also altered the order of the months; for March, which was reckoned the first, he put into the third place; and January, which was the eleventh, he made the first; and February, which was the twelfth and last, the second. Many will have it, that it was Numa, also, who added the two months of January and February; for in the beginning they had had a year of ten months; as there are barbarians who count only three; the Arcadians, in Greece, had but four; the Acarnanians, six. The Egyptian year at first, they say, was of one month; afterwards, of four; and so, though they live in the newest of all countries, they have the credit of being a more ancient nation than any; and reckon, in their genealogies, a prodigious number of years, counting months, that is, as years. That the Romans, at first, comprehended the whole year within ten, and not twelve months, plainly appears by the name of the last, December, meaning the tenth month; and that March was the first is likewise evident, for the fifth month af ter it was called Quintilis, and the sixth Sextilis, and so the rest; whereas, if January and February had, in this account, preceded March, Quintilis would have been fifth in name and seventh in reckoning. It was also natural, that March, dedicated to Mars, should be Romuluss first, and April, named from Venus, or Aphrodite, his second month; in it they sacrifice to Venus, and the women bathe on the calends, or first day of it, with myrtle garlands on their heads. But others, because of its being p and not ph, will not allow of the derivation of this word from Aphrodite, but say it is called April from aperio, Latin for to open, because that this month is high spring, and opens and discloses the buds and flowers. The next is called May, from Maia, the mother of Mercury, to whom it is sacred; then June follows, so called from Juno; some, however, derive them from the two ages, old and young, majores being their name for older, and juniores for younger men. To the other months they g ave denominations according to their order; so the fifth was called Quintilis, Sextilis the sixth, and the rest, September, October, November, and December. Afterwards Quintilis received the name of Julius, from Caesar who defeated Pompey; as also Sextilis that of Augustus, from the second Caesar, who had that title. Domitian, also, in imitation, gave the two other following months his own names, of Germanicus and Domitianus; but, on his being slain, they recovered their ancient denominations of September and October. The two last are the only ones that have kept their names throughout without any alteration. Of the months which were added or transposed in their order by Numa, February comes from februa; and is as much as Purification month; in it they make offerings to the dead, and celebrate the Lupercalia, which, in most points, resembles a purification. January was so called from Janus, and precedence given to it by Numa before March, which was dedicated to the god Mars; because , as I conceive, he wished to take every opportunity of intimating that the arts and studies of peace are to be preferred before those of war. Suggested Reading Why Rome FellNorse Story of CreationNaqsh-i-Rustam: The Tomb of Darius the Great

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10 Major Agricultural Problems Of India Essay Example for Free

10 Major Agricultural Problems Of India Essay Some of the major problems and their possible solutions have been discussed as follows. Indian agriculture is plagued by several problems; some of them are natural and some others are manmade. 1. Small and fragmented land-holdings: The seemingly abundance of net sown area of 141.2 million hectares and total cropped area of 189.7 million hectares (1999-2000) pales into insignificance when we see that it is divided into economically unviable small and scattered holdings. The average size of holdings was 2.28 hectares in 1970-71 which was reduced to 1. 82 hectares in 1980-81 and 1.50 hectares in 1995-96. The size of the holdings will further decrease with the infinite Sub-division of the land holdings. See more: Sleep Deprivation Problem Solution Speech Essay The problem of small and fragmented holdings is more serious in densely populated and intensively cultivated states like Kerala, West Bengal, Bihar  and eastern part of Uttar Pradesh where the average size of land holdings is less than one hectare and in certain parts it is less than even 0.5 hectare. Rajasthan with vast sandy stretches and Nagaland with the prevailing ‘Jhoom’ (shifting agriculture) have larger average sized holdings of 4 and 7.15 hectares respectively. States having high percentage of net sown area like Punjab, Haryana, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh have holding size above the national average. Further it is shocking to note that a large proportion of 59 per cent holdings in 1990- 91 were marginal (below 1 hectare) accounting for 14.9 per cent of the total operated area. Another 19 per cent were small holdings (1-2 hectare) taking up 17.3 per cent of the total operated area. Large holdings (above 10 hectare) accounted for only 1.6 per cent of total holdings but covered 17.4 per cent of the operated area (Table 22.1). Hence, there is a wide gap between small farmers, medium farmers (peasant group) and big farmers (landlords). The main reason for this sad state of affairs is our inheritance laws. The land belonging to the father is equally distributed among his sons. This distribution of land does not entail a collection or consolidated one, but its nature is fragmented. Different tracts have different levels of fertility and are to be distributed accordingly. If there are four tracts which are to be distributed between two sons, both the sons will get smaller plots of each land tract. In this way the holdings become smaller and more fragmented with each passing generation. Sub-division and fragmentation of the holdings is one of the main causes of our low agricultural productivity and backward state of our agriculture. 1/2/2015 7:58 PM 10 Major Agricultural Problems of India and their Possible Solutions 3 of 16 http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/agriculture/10-major-agricultural-pro A lot of time and labour is wasted in moving seeds, manure, implements and cattle from one piece of land to another.  Irrigation becomes difficult on such small and fragmented fields. Further, a lot of fertile agricultural land is wasted in providing boundaries. Under such circumstances, the farmer cannot concentrate on improvement. The only answer to this ticklish problem is the consolidation of holdings which means the reallocation of holdings which are fragmented, the creation of farms which comprise only one or a few parcels in place of multitude of patches formerly in the possession of each peasant. But unfortunately, this plan has not succeeded much. Although legislation for consolidation of holdings has been enacted by almost all the states, it has been implemented only in Punjab, Haryana and in some parts of Uttar Pradesh. Consolidation of about 45 million holdings has been done till 1990-91 in Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh. The other solution to this problem is cooperative farming in which the farmers pool their resources and share the profit. 2. Seeds: Seed is a critical and basic input for attaining higher crop yields and sustained growth in agricultural production. Distribution of assured quality seed is as critical as the production of such seeds. Unfortunately, good quality seeds are out of reach of the majority of farmers, especially small and marginal farmers mainly because of exorbitant prices of better seeds. In order to solve this problem, the Government of India established the National Seeds Corporation (NSC) in 1963 and the State Farmers Corporation of India (SFCI) in 1969. Thirteen State Seed Corporations (SSCs) were also established to augment the supply of improved seeds to the farmers.  High Yielding Variety Programme (HYVP) was launched in 1966-67 as a major thrust plan to increase the production of food grains in the country. The Indian seed industry had exhibited impressive growth in the past and is expected to provide further potential for growth in agricultural production: The role of seed industry is not only to produce adequate quantity of quality seeds but also to achieve varietal diversity to suit various agro-climatic zones of the country. The policy statements are designed towards making available to the Indian farmer, adequate quantities of seed of superior quality at the appropriate time and place and at an affordable price so as to meet the country’s food and nutritional security goals. Indian seeds programme largely adheres to limited generation system for seed multiplication. The system recognises three kinds of generation, namely breeder, foundation and certified seeds. Breeder seed is the basic seed and first stage in seed production. Foundation seed is the second stage in seed production chain and is the progeny of breeder seed. Certified seed is the ultimate stage in seed production chain and is the progeny of foundation seed. Production of breeder and foundation seeds and certified seeds distribution have gone up at an annual average rate of 3.4 per cent, 7.5 per  cent and 9.5 per cent respectively, between 2001-02 and 2005-06). 3. Manures, Fertilizers and Biocides: Indian soils have been used for growing crops over thousands of years  without caring much for replenishing. This has led to depletion and exhaustion of soils resulting in their low productivity. The average yields of almost all the crops are among t e lowest in the world. This is a serious problem which can be solved by using more manures and fertilizers. Manures and fertilizers play the same role in relation to soils as good food in relation to body. Just as a well-nourished body is capable of doing any good job, a well nourished soil is capable of giving good yields. It has been estimated that about 70 per cent of growth in agricultural production can be attributed to increased fertilizer application. Thus increase in the consumption of fertilizers is a barometer of agricultural prosperity. However, there are practical difficulties in providing sufficient manures and fertilizers in all parts of a country of India’s dimensions inhabited by poor peasants. Cow dung provides the best manure to the soils. But its use as such is limited because much of cow dung is used as kitchen fuel in the shape of dung cakes. Reduction in the supply of fire wood and increasing demand for fuel in the rural areas due to increase in population has further complicated the problem. Chemical fertilizers are costly and are often beyond the reach of the poor farmers. The fertilizer problem is, therefore, both acute and complex. It has been felt that organic manures are essential for keeping the soil in good health. The country has a potential of 650 million tonnes of rural and 160 lakh tonnes of urban compost which is not fully utilized at present. The utilization of this potential will solve the twin problem of disposal of waste and providing manure to the soil. The government has given high incentive especially in the form of heavy subsidy for using chemical fertilizers. There was practically no use of chemical fertilizers at the time of Independence As a result of initiative by  the government and due to change in the attitude of some progressive farmers, the consumption of fertilizers increased tremendously. In order to maintain the quality of the fertilizers, 52 fertilizer quality control laboratories have been set up in different parts of the country. In addition, there is one Central Fertilizer Quality Control and Training Institute at Faridabad with its three regional centres at Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai. Pests, germs and weeds cause heavy loss to crops which amounted to about one third of the total field produce at the time of Independence. Biocides (pesticides, herbicides and weedicides) are used to save the crops and to avoid losses. The increased use of these inputs has saved a lot of crops, especially the food crops from unnecessary wastage. But indiscriminate use of biocides has resulted in wide spread environmental pollution which takes its own toll. 4. Irrigation: Although India is the second largest irrigated country of the world after China, only one-third of the cropped area is under irrigation. Irrigation is the most important agricultural input in a tropical monsoon country like India where rainfall is uncertain, unreliable and erratic India cannot achieve sustained progress in agriculture unless and until more than half of the cropped area is brought under assured irrigation. This is testified by the success story of agricultural progress in Punjab Haryana and western part of Uttar Pradesh where over half of the cropped area is under irrigation! Large tracts still await irrigation to boost the agricultural output. However, care must be taken to safeguard against ill effects of over irrigation especially in areas irrigated by canals. Large tracts in Punjab  and Haryana have been rendered useless (areas affected by salinity, alkalinity and water-logging), due to faulty irrigation. In the Indira Gandhi Canal command area also intensive irrigation has led to sharp rise in sub-soil water level, leading to water-logging, soil salinity and alkalinity. 5. Lack of mechanisation: In spite of the large scale mechanisation of agriculture in some parts of the country, most of the agricultural operations in larger parts are carried on by human hand using simple and conventional tools and implements like wooden plough, sickle, etc. Little or no use of machines is made in ploughing, sowing, irrigating,  thinning and pruning, weeding, harvesting threshing and transporting the crops. This is specially the case with small and marginal farmers. It results in huge wastage of human labour and in low yields per capita labour force. There is urgent need to mechanise the agricultural operations so that wastage of labour force is avoided and farming is made convenient and efficient. Agricultural implements and machinery are a crucial input for efficient and timely agricultural operations, facilitating multiple cropping and thereby increasing production. Some progress has been made for mechanising agriculture in India after Independence. Need for mechanisation was specially felt with the advent of Green Revolution in 1960s. Strategies and programmes have been directed towards replacement of traditional and inefficient implements by improved ones, enabling the farmer to own tractors, power tillers, harvesters and other machines. A large industrial base for manufacturing of the agricultural machines has also been developed. Power availability for carrying out various  agricultural operations has been increased to reach a level of 14 kW per hectare in 2003-04 from only 0.3 kW per hectare in 1971-72. This increase was the result of increasing use of tractor, power tiller and combine harvesters, irrigation pumps and other power operated machines. The share of mechanical and electrical power has increased from 40 per cent in 1971 to 84 per cent in 2003-04. Uttar Pradesh recorded the highest average sales of tractors during the five  year period ending 2003-04 and/West Bengal recorded the highest average sales of power tillers during the same period.  Strenuous efforts are being made to encourage the farmers to adopt technically advanced agricultural equipments in order to carry farm operations timely and precisely and to economise the agricultural production process. 6. Soil erosion: Large tracts of fertile land suffer from soil erosion by wind and water. This area must be properly treated and restored to its original fertility. 7. Agricultural Marketing: Agricultural marketing still continues to be in a bad shape in rural India. In the absence of sound marketing facilities, the farmers have to depend upon local traders and middlemen for the disposal of their farm produce which is sold at throw-away price. In most cases, these farmers are forced, under socio-economic conditions, to carry on distress sale of their produce. In most of small villages, the farmers sell their produce to the money lender from whom they usually borrow money.  According to an estimate 85 per cent of wheat and 75 per cent of oil seeds in Uttar Pradesh, 90 per cent of Jute in West Bengal, 70 per cent of oilseeds and 35 per cent of cotton in Punjab is sold by farmers in the village itself. Such a situation arises due to the inability of the poor farmers to wait for long after harvesting their crops. In order to meet his commitments and pay his debt, the poor farmer is forced to sell the produce at whatever price is offered to him. The Rural Credit Survey Report rightly remarked that the producers in general sell their produce at an unfavourable place and at an unfavourable time and usually they get unfavourable terms. In the absence of an organised marketing structure, private traders and middlemen dominate the marketing and trading of agricultural produce. The remuneration of the services provided by the middlemen increases the load on the consumer, although the producer does not derive similar benefit. Many market surveys have revealed that middlemen take away about 48 per cent of the price of rice, 52 per cent of the price of grounduts and 60 per cent of the price of potatoes offered by consumers. In order to save the farmer from the clutches of the money lenders and the middle men, the government has come out with regulated markets. These markets generally introduce a system of competitive buying, help in eradicating malpractices, ensure the use of standardised weights and measures and evolve suitable machinery for settlement of disputes thereby ensuring that the producers are not subjected to exploitation and receive remunerative prices.

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight :: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the greatest fourteenth century text. It was written by an unknown author between 1375 and 1400. The story begins at Christmas time, and there are many symbolic elements. The Green Knight is a color which symbolizes Christmas. Also, changing seasons and the coming of winter symbolize the passing of life and reminds us that Death is unavoidable. The author also skillfully illustrates human weaknesses in the descriptions of Gawain's temptations. The story tells about adventures of Sir Gawain, who takes the Green Knight's challenge. One year after cutting Green Knight's head off, which did not kill him, Gawain has to travel to find the Green Knight and take his blow in return. He finds a strange castle, and while he awaits there for the final day, his knight's ethical code is put to a test by the host and his wife. In this part, Green Knight, in an unmannerly way, enters the hall where King Arthur and his Knights feast and cleverly gets them committed to take his game without revealing what it is he wants to play. The story In this passage from Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, The Green Knight enters the hall on his horse. King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table are having their feast. They are astounded to see a green knight on a green horse. They don't take any action; instead they stare at the stranger. The Green Knight challenges the king and his companions to take his game. He is arrogant, and he uses their pride to get them committed to his game. He is successful, as the king promises to take the game, although he does not know what it is yet. The Green Knight comes into the hall where King Arthur and his knights feast on a horse, and does not greet anyone. He carries a huge axe with "The Spike of green steel" (Norton 207) and with green engravings. He carries no armor and no other weapons. When he enters, not only he does not greet the people present, but he looks down rudely at them and asks: "Where is the captain of this crowd? Keenly I wish to see that sire with sight, and to himself say my say." The knights of the Green Table are so surprised, they fail to protect their king. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight :: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the greatest fourteenth century text. It was written by an unknown author between 1375 and 1400. The story begins at Christmas time, and there are many symbolic elements. The Green Knight is a color which symbolizes Christmas. Also, changing seasons and the coming of winter symbolize the passing of life and reminds us that Death is unavoidable. The author also skillfully illustrates human weaknesses in the descriptions of Gawain's temptations. The story tells about adventures of Sir Gawain, who takes the Green Knight's challenge. One year after cutting Green Knight's head off, which did not kill him, Gawain has to travel to find the Green Knight and take his blow in return. He finds a strange castle, and while he awaits there for the final day, his knight's ethical code is put to a test by the host and his wife. In this part, Green Knight, in an unmannerly way, enters the hall where King Arthur and his Knights feast and cleverly gets them committed to take his game without revealing what it is he wants to play. The story In this passage from Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, The Green Knight enters the hall on his horse. King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table are having their feast. They are astounded to see a green knight on a green horse. They don't take any action; instead they stare at the stranger. The Green Knight challenges the king and his companions to take his game. He is arrogant, and he uses their pride to get them committed to his game. He is successful, as the king promises to take the game, although he does not know what it is yet. The Green Knight comes into the hall where King Arthur and his knights feast on a horse, and does not greet anyone. He carries a huge axe with "The Spike of green steel" (Norton 207) and with green engravings. He carries no armor and no other weapons. When he enters, not only he does not greet the people present, but he looks down rudely at them and asks: "Where is the captain of this crowd? Keenly I wish to see that sire with sight, and to himself say my say." The knights of the Green Table are so surprised, they fail to protect their king.

Henri Cartier-Bresson, Diane Arbus and Anna-Lou “Annie” Leibovitz Essay

Thomas Wedgwood was the first man to think of and develop a method to copy visible images chemically to permanent media and Joseph Nià ©pce was one of the inventors of photography, he developed the heliography, a technique used to produce the world’s first known photograph in 1825. Among Niece’s other inventions was the Pyrà ©olophore, the world’s first ‘internal combustion engine’, which he conceived, created, and developed with his older brother Claude. This is how photography came about and how it is today. In this essay I’ll be taking about Henri Cartier-Bresson, Diane Arbus and Annie Leibovitz and how they became photographers, also the similarities and differences between the three most famous 20th century photographers. Henri Cartier-Bresson born 22 August 1908, in Chanteloup, France and died 3 August 2004, in Montjusine, France. Cartier-Bresson was a pioneer in photojournalism and wandered the world with his camera, becoming totally engrossed in his current environment. As he was one of the major photographers in the 20th century, he covered all sorts of things from the Spanish Civil War to the French uprisings in 1968. Cartier-Bresson was known for being a French photographer whose humane, spontaneous photographs helped establish photojournalism as an art form. Cartier-Bresson’s photographs are portraits of people and what was going on in the world. These are some quotes of his about photography: â€Å"In photography, the smallest thing can be a great subject. The little, human detail can become a Leitmotiv.† â€Å"Photography is an immediate reaction, drawing is a meditation.† â€Å"To take photographs means to recognize – simultaneously and within a fraction of a second – both the fact itself and the rigorous organization of visually perceived forms that give it meaning. It is putting one’s head, one’s eye and one’s heart on the same axis.† â€Å"The photograph itself doesn’t interest me. I want only to capture a minute part of reality.† Diane Arbus born 14 March 1923, in New York City, USA and died 26 July 1971, in Greenwich Village, New York City, USA. Arbus learn photography from her husband (married 1941 then divorced 1969 and had 2 kids) Allan Arbus. She was one of the most unique photographers in the 20th century and she was known for her unnatural portraits and offbeat subjects. At a young age she had artistic talent and in high school she was interested in creating paintings and drawings. Arbus’ photographs are the same as Henri Cartier-Bresson, portraits of people and what was going on in the world. These are some interesting quotes of hers: â€Å"A photograph is a secret about a secret. The more it tells you the less you know.† â€Å"I really believe there are things nobody would see if I didn’t photograph them.† â€Å"The world can only be grasped by action, not by contemplation. The hand is the cutting edge of the mind.† â€Å"There are an awful lot of people in the world and it’s going to be terribly hard to photograph all of them†¦ It was my teacher Lisette Model who finally made it clear to me that the more specific you are, the more general it will be.† Anna-Lou â€Å"Annie† Leibovitz born 2 October 1949, in Waterbury, Connecticut, USA. Leibovitz is a third-generation American whose great-grandparents were Jewish immigrants, from Central and Eastern Europe. Around her teens, Leibovitz became interested in various artistic endeavors, and began to write and play music. Leibovitz was training at San Francisco Art Institute, where she studied painting. For several years, she continued to develop her photography skills while working various jobs. Leibovitz’s photographs are remakes of Disney movies and are very unique. These are some of her quotes that are about anything and everything: â€Å"I admired the work of photographers like Beaton, Penn, and Avedon as much as I respected the grittier photographers such as Robert Frank. But in the same way that I had to find my own way of reportage, I had to find my own form of glamour.† â€Å"Nature is so powerful, so strong. Capturing its essence is not easy – your work becomes a dance with light and the weather. It takes you to a place within yourself.† â€Å"I’m more interested in being good than being famous.† â€Å"I sometimes find the surface interesting. To say that the mark of a good portrait is whether you get them or get the soul – I don’t think this is possible all of the time.† Both Henri Cartier-Bresson and Diane Arbus took photographs of people and everyday life showing what was going on in the world, they both also toke photographs of street photography. While Annie Leibovitz was and still is taking portraits of people in a very wild, crazy and unique way as she photographs her very own remakes of Disney movies. Henri Cartier-Bresson would go around the world doing street photography and that’s why in all his photographs there are different emotions and his not just trying to get the same thing all the time because every second something changes in an instant. All of Henri Cartier-Bresson’s photographs (also Diane Arbus and Annie Leibovitz photographs) were in black and white as they didn’t even have photographs in colour yet and they look so much better in black and white any way, as shown in this portrait of Marilyn Monroe (photograph after the conclusion) in Reno, Nevada, USA in the year of 1961, (17  ½ x 11  ¾ in.) this is such a beautiful photograph of Marilyn as she was an extremely pretty woman. Cartier-Bresson’s photography are intended for ages from 10 years of age and over. Diane Arbus was known for her unnatural portraits and offbeat subjects. She often shot with a Rolleiflex medium format twin-lens reflex that provided a square aspect ratio and a waist-level viewfinder (both the Rolleiflex med format twin-lens reflex and the waist-level viewfinder are a type of camera). Arbus can connect with her subjects in ways that did not involve the standard eye-level viewfinder. In some of Arbus photographs where there are two people, those two people are wearing almost the same thing even if they are of different gender, one of those photographs is the Identical Twins taken in 1967 in Roselle, New Jersey, USA. The two young girls were twin sisters, Cathleen and Colleen Wade, they were both in matching outfits and look very cute (photograph after the conclusion). Arbus’ photography are intended for ages from 10-14 and over as there are some nudity in some of the photographs. Annie Leibovitz is an outstanding and wonderful photographer as her Disney photographs are really cool and amazing plus to use celebrities instead of models is going to make those photographs more likeable, even though most people love Disney as they all grew up with Disney movies and stories. One of my favorite Disney movies of all time would have to be Beauty and the Beast because the Beauty’s name was Belle and it was close to my name plus the Beast kinda looked like a big cat and I love cats so the photograph that I’m going to do for Annie Leibovitz is the Beauty and the Beast with Drew Barrymore as Belle and a real lion for the Beast. This photograph was taken in 2005 and featured in Vogue magazine with the rest of the other Disney photographs. Leibovitz’s photograph is the best one of as it reminds me of my childhood and how I used to watch Beauty and the Beast all the time and still do to this very day (photograph after the conclusion). Leibovitz’s photography is intended from ages 5 and over especially the Disney Dream Portrait series. In conclusion, Henri Cartier-Bresson would travel around the world doing street photography and taking portraits of famous people/celebrities. Cartier-Bresson was a pioneer in photojournalism and wandered the world with his camera, becoming totally engrossed in his current environment. Cartier-Bresson was known for being a French photographer whose humane, spontaneous photographs helped establish photojournalism as an art form. Diane Arbus liked to photograph unnatural and offbeat subjects and if there were two people they were wearing almost the same thing. Arbus learn photography from her husband, Allan Arbus. At a young age she had artistic talent and in high school she was interested in creating paintings and drawings. Last but not least Annie Leibovitz took photographs of Disney movies and made them come to life instead of being a cartoon or animation and has a very unique and fun way to make photography more and more interesting for younger people. Around her teens, Leibovitz became interested in various artistic endeavors, and began to write and play music. Leibovitz was training at San Francisco Art Institute, where she studied painting. In all my new favorite photographer is Annie Leibovitz as she made my favorite Disney movie come to life and helped me think of a new way to express myself while taking a photograph. Henri Cartier-Bresson portrait of Marilyn Monroe: Diane Arbus portrait of Identical Twins: Annie Leibovitz portrait of Disney Dream Portrait Series – Beauty and the Beast: Bibliography: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Wedgwood_(photographer) http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/h/henri_cartierbresson.html http://www.biography.com/people/henri-cartier-bresson-9240139 http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/d/diane_arbus.html http://www.biography.com/people/diane-arbus-9187461 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/a/annie_leibovitz.html http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot/henri-cartier-bresson-marilyn-monroe-in-reno-1961-4656889-details.aspx?intObjectID=4656889 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identical_Twins,_Roselle,_New_Jersey,_1967 http://www.elitismstyle.com/blogazine/archives/23666 http://enchantedsereityperiodfilms.blogsport.com.au/2009/11/drew-barrymore-beauty-and-beast.html http://www.photoquotes.com/showquotes.aspx?id=90

A Day in the Life of David M. Foster

A day in the life of David M. Foster begins early. The alarm clocks begin sounding at 0445 Monday morning, even though I don’t get up until almost 0530. I am a deep sleeper and have a hard time waking up. My wife, Sarah, is not a heavy sleeper and is constantly awoken by my myriad of alarm sounds while I attempt to wake up enough to get out of bed. At 0530, I get up, turning off all the alarms so as not to aggravate my wife further. In a face-saving gesture, Sarah says nothing and acts as though she were asleep the entire time.Face-saving behaviors are â€Å"techniques used to salvage a performance (interaction) that is going sour† (Henslin, 2011, p. 114). Sarah has acted this way so that I don’t feel badly about waking her, even though we both know that my inability to get up quickly irks her each and every morning. I have to catch the bus, so I rapidly get dressed and grab my bag. When I get to the bus stop, there are several people there, but because the tempe rature is so low (about 20 degrees), no one says much. We generally keep to ourselves that early in the morning anyway.I do nod to those who are senior to me in rank and position in the military, as is customary for the services. One is expected to give the â€Å"greeting of the day†, basically a â€Å"good morning† to those who are senior in rank to you. Because I am of a junior rank, even as a seasoned NCO, I play that role. I have been playing that role for more than 15 years at this point and have come to acknowledge that it is part of my self-concept (Henslin, 2011, p114). At 0550, the bus arrives, late as usual. Just as soon as I sit down on the bus, I shoot off a text message to my supervisor, SFC Cooper, letting her know that I’m on the bus.The reason for this is two-fold. One, accountability formation is at 0630 (the bus ride is 20 minutes, minimum) and two, to let her know that I’m on the bus and didn’t just oversleep. The US Military ing rains certain standards of action into you as resocialization. Resocialization is â€Å"the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors† (Henslin, 2011, p86). These standards become norms. Norms are â€Å"expectations or rules of behavior that reflect and enforce behavior† (Henslin, 2011, p46).One of hese norms is that you must arrive 10 minutes prior to any formation. This is not a more, but a folkway. Not arriving at the appointed time violates a more. A folkway is a â€Å"norm that is not strictly enforced† (Henslin, 2011, p49), while a more is a â€Å"norm that is strictly enforced because it is thought essential to core values or to the well-being of the group† (Henslin, 2011, p49). At 0615, we arrived at the gate to Patch Barracks, the military Kaserne, or installation. The civilian guard is a Local National, so I greet him with a â€Å"Guten Morgen† (German for Good Morning).If he had been one of the few American guards, I would have just spoken in English. At 0635, after our accountability formation, I change into my uniform for the day, the Army Combat Uniform. The Uniform helps to indentify the subculture that we all belong to. Each service has its’ own uniform and its’ own subculture. A subculture results from â€Å"the values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish its members from the larger culture† (Henslin, 2011, p49). The US Military is a subculture of the United States of America and the US Army is a subculture of the US Military.Fast forward to after breakfast, its 0800 and I arrive (ten minutes early) for the Equal Opportunity Leader (EOL) Course that I am attending this week. Here I meet SFC Trussell, the instructor for the course and also the Equal Opportunity Advisor (EOA) for the Stuttgart, Germany area. SFC Trussell is my senior, so I defer to him and address him as â€Å"Sergeant†, which is in line with our folkways and mores. During the first part of the training today the students are all required to create a â€Å"badge†. This is done using a graphic and 5 words to describe your characteristics, list your demographic information, and group affiliations.The point of this exercise is as an â€Å"Ice-breaker† but also to help others understand how you relate to the world around you. The rest of the day is dry and boring. Having 15 years of experience, most of the course material in the EOL course is not new to me. Sarah has driven down to Patch Barracks and dropped off the car, so I don’t have to catch the bus home tonight. At 1715, I swing by the office and check in with SFC Cooper and answer a few emails to my counterpart at our higher headquarters. Nothing new, mostly routine stuff. At 1740, it’s into the car and off for the 40 minute drive home.Traffic is much worse in the evening than in the morning. I get home at 1820, walk through the front door, and immediately drop everything because here comes Molly. Molly is 4 years old and runs for me as soon as I open the door, yelling â€Å"Daddy’s home†! I grab her off the floor and give her hugs and kisses, transitioning from my role as â€Å"Soldier† to my roles of â€Å"Father† and â€Å"Husband†. This goes on with Molly for about 5 minutes before she begins to lose interest (as 4 year olds generally do) and I put her down, giving Sarah a kiss and asking how her day was.Our interaction is not very detailed as we both need time to decompress from our recent role changes. Sarah has gone from mother mode to wife mode as I have just entered the father role and can assist in taking care of the children. About 30 minutes later, dinner is ready and out pops Ellie. Ellie is 13 and regardless of the questions asked, her responses are seldom more than a word or two, â€Å"typical† behavior for a teenager. At 1920, dinner is over and it’s washing up time. At this point, everyone dri fts off to do whatever we normally do, sticking with our own routines.I log into my online game, Eve Online, and chat with my friends there. Molly goes back to her â€Å"before bed† cartoons, Ellie disappears back into her room to do whatever teenagers do in their rooms, and Sarah logs onto her computer to chat with friends on Facebook and read the English newspapers online. I play Eve Online until 2200, the appointed time for my group to play, chatting about work, news, and such while engaging in space combat. At this point it’s time for me to pack my bag again for the next day, preparing to start all over. At 2245, it’s into bed and lights out. Day done!As I typed my Journal, I realized that the majority of my day is consumed by playing the role of Soldier. The structure of the US Military is such that almost every facet of your daily life, from the time you wake up, to the clothes you where, to the way you address people, is determined prior to the situation. Out of a 17 hour day, more than 12 hours of it is consumed by the â€Å"Soldier† role. Because I have been in the US Military for 15 years, I am fully indoctrinated and invested in this system, whether I realize it or not. I also realized that there is a specific moment when I transition from the Soldier role.Specifically, this is the moment I walk through the door and am â€Å"attacked† by my youngest daughter. If not for her, I might get â€Å"stuck† in the Soldier role, unable to do anything else. The importance of keeping this â€Å"Soldier† role at the forefront every day is simple: it provides the livelihood for me and my family. Without the US Military, and my participation in it, I would be forced to find alternate means to care for my family. I posses skills to do so now, but only because the US Military taught them to me. I was socialized in adulthood in the US Military. A day in my life is likely similar to most.The discerning factor is probab ly the US Military ties, though many of my classmates are also members of a military subculture. The subculture of the US Military dominates my daily life by design. The US Military requires individuals to be prepared to do extraordinary things and so requires a higher level of commitment (and indoctrination) than a job at McDonald’s might. The role of Soldier is a vast part of â€Å"who I am†, but I am also â€Å"Father† and â€Å"Husband†, as well as â€Å"friend†, â€Å"coworker†, â€Å"peer†, and â€Å"superior† to many, many people. I wouldn’t change a thing†¦. well, maybe the 0445 alarm clock. Journal All times in 24 hour clock. 8 February 2013 0445Alarm Sounds 0530Get out of Bed without waking wife any more than alarm has already. 0530-0545Dress in US Army Improved Physical Fitness Uniform (IPFU) 0545Grab bag, packed night before, and head to bus-stop.Temperature well below freezing with snow on the ground. N od to others at bus-stop, no one really speaks, too cold. Several of the people at the bus-stop are higher ranking (which is normal). 0550Bus arrives, late as usual. Sent text message to SFC Cooper (Supervisor and Platoon Sergeant) saying â€Å"On the Bus†. 0550-0620Bus ride to Patch Barracks. Pulled hat down and slept (which is also normal). 615Showed ID Card to Gate Guard, said â€Å"Good Morning† in German since the guard is a German national. 0620Depart bus at second stop and walk to gym for first formation. 0625Drop bag in locker room, head to formation. Make sure supervisor/Platoon Sergeant see that I am present. Get brief for day from Detachment Sergeant (Upcoming events, etc. ). Fall out of formation because I am not doing Physical Training, reminded Platoon Sergeant/Detachment Sergeant that I had EO Course this week. 0635Back into Locker room to change into Army Combat Uniform (ACU’s).0635-0715Shower, Shave, change, etc. 0715Depart Gym to Kantine for br eakfast. 735Arrive Kantine, order eggs, sausage, Brotchen, coffee in German because the cook is a German national that has been working there for a significant period of time. 0740Pay for Breakfast in Euro instead of US Dollars 0750Drop tray and head to Equal Opportunity Leader (EOL) Course across the parking lot. 0800Met SFC Trussell, the instructor and also the Stuttgart Garrison Equal Opportunity Advisor (EOA). 0830During first block of training must complete the â€Å"Badge† exercise. Required to use 5 words and a picture to describe characteristics, demographic data, and group affiliation (annotated below).Stood up in front of class of 24 other Non-Commissioned Officers (NCO’s) and explained my â€Å"Badge†. I know several of them, some from my Unit and some from other units in the area. Schedule for the class is tight, trying to finish 6 days of training in 5. Keep most of my comments to myself so as not to drag out the class with empty discussion. 0900-11 30Some interaction with classmates, though not much. It’s day one of the course and we are just getting to know one another, as well as keep up with the fast pace of the rather dry subject matter.Couple of â€Å"smoke breaks† thrown in, but not on any schedule (I’m a pack a day habit). 1048Sent â€Å"I Love You† text to wife. Got same in response. 1130Break for lunch. Walk to food-court. Lunch at Burger King. Remark to clerk about high prices and how they are similar to US Prices. Had a chicken sandwich, fries, and sweet tea. 1245Head back to class. 1300-1700Instruction resumes, not much deviation from the morning block. 1630Got a text from the wife, car has been left at work for me to take home so I don’t have to ride the bus. Reply with â€Å"Thanks Babe† 1700Class ends, pack up and leave classroom.Speak with SFC Williams (from my unit) briefly about the class and whether or not to go back to office before heading home. 1715Enter office to check email and find SFC Cooper still there (Workday ends at 1700). She asks me about class and I explain that it’s fast paced but dry. I have been in the Army 15 years, I know all of the course material from previous training. Checked email and responded to several requests for information from my counterpart (SFC Stewart) at the level above me (BDE). 1740Log-off computer and go to car. 1745-1820Traffic and drive home.825Enter home, Molly (4) runs to me yelling â€Å"Daddy, Daddy! †. Pick her up and give her a big hug and kiss. She immediately begins telling me about her day, though most of her responses are â€Å"I don’t remember† to questions I ask. 1830Put Molly down and kiss wife, ask her how her day was. Response is â€Å"not bad†. She asks how my day was and I respond with â€Å"long and boring. Class is dry. † 1830-1845Change into regular clothes. 1845Check personal email, nothing important, mostly spam. 1850Sit down to dinner, eati ng English Shepard’s Pie. Molly complains and Ellie (13) comes out of her room long enough to eat.Try to start conversation and basically get one word answers. Typical Teenager responses. 1920Dinner finished, clear table and rinse dishes. Back onto computer to play. 1930Log in to Eve Online (MMORPG) and greet my â€Å"friends†. 4 people who live in the same town are my â€Å"corps mates†. 1930-2200Rambling conversation about work and Eve, all during co-op play using very expensive (in-game) items to earn massive amounts of in-game currency. 2200â€Å"eve time† ends, log off. 2215-2240Pack bag for tomorrow, say good night to wife (who stays up later than me). 2245Lights out and to sleep.